Improving Water Use Efficiency and Productivity of Lactuca sativa L. under Management of Surface, Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Furrow Systems
Keywords:
Smart agriculture methods, water productivity, lettuce crop, IraqAbstract
The field experiment was conducted in Al-Yusufiya district (Al-Qasr Al-Awsat) - Al-Mahmoudiya district /Baghdad province during the winter season 2021. The Nested-Factorial Experiments design was used, where the main plots include the first factor, irrigation levels (I1) 50%, (I2) 75%, (I3) 100%, (I4) 125% and (I5) 150%. Then the main factor is divided into three replicates, which includes the irrigation system and the cultivation method: surface drip irrigation, a plant line drip line (S1) and two plant lines drip line (S2), The subsurface drip irrigation system is a plant-line drip line (SS1) and two plant-line drip line (SS2), and the furrow irrigation system (SI). Lettuce seedlings were transferred from the nursery to the field and were planted on 10/5/2021. The irrigation scheduling was started according to the experiment’s parameters from 10/20/2021 to 12/24/2021. The efficiency of each irrigation system was taken into account, and the results were as follows: The SS2 subsurface drip irrigation system achieved the highest average total yield of 226.3 µg ha-1, compared to the lowest average of 135.3 µg ha-1 for the SI drip irrigation system, with a decrease rate of 40.21%. The SS2 treatment gave the highest average water productivity of 96.48 kg m-3, while the SI treatment gave the lowest average water productivity of 28.31 kg m-3. The percentage increase was 68.97, 70.82, 7.88, and 240.8% in the SS2 treatment compared to the irrigation system treatments S1, S2, SS1, and SI, respectively.
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