Simulating the Rainfall-Runoff using Hydrological Model in the Tropics
Keywords:
PMP, PMF, Modelling, MalaysiaAbstract
Floods are considered the most destructive forces that impacts the human lives,ambient environment and property. Thus, the current research targeted to estimate Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) for the Perak River using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model. The methods adopted herein this research includes the collection of the related meteorological data and process it using Hershfield’s statistics to produce the PMP values and Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS) to be used in developing the targeted model. Results show that the performance parameters for both events are considered very good and good whereby for calibration, NSE and PBIAS of 0.873 and -1.76% are obtained while NSE and PBIAS of 0.679 and -8.78% are obtained for validation. Although slight differences are observed from the comparison, it can be concluded that the differences are considered acceptable as the general trend is similar for those simulations. Furthermore, the developed hydrologic model is credible and applicable to describe the hydrological process in Perak River Watershed.
References
Adamo, N., Al-Ansari, N., Sissakian, V., Laue, J. and Knutsson, S. 2020. Dam safety and overtopping. Journal of earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 10 (6), PP. 41-78.
Al-Hadu, I. A., Sidek, L. M., Desa, M. N. M., Basri, N. E. A. 2011. Multi criteria analysis in environmental management: selecting the best stormwater erosion and sediment control measure in Malaysian construction sites. International Journal of Energy and Environment. Vol. 2 (5), PP. 853-862.
Arekhi, S. Rostamizad, G. and Rostami, N., 2011, “Evaluation of HEC-HMS Methods in Surface Runoff Simulation (Case Study: Kan Watershed, Iran)”, Advances in Environmental Biology, AENSI, 1316-1321.
Bosamiya, B., Gandhi, H., M. 2018. Hydrological Modeling using HEC-HMS. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, Vol. 6. ISSN: 2321-9653.
Castro, C.V. and Maidment, D. R. 2020. GIS preprocessing for rapid initialization of HEC-HMS hydrological basin models using web-based data services. Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 130.
Cheah, R., Billa, L., Chan, A., Teo, F. Y., Pradhan, B., Alamri, A. M. 2019. Geospatial modelling of watershed peak flood discharge in Selangor, Malaysia. Water, 11. DOI: 10.3390/w11122490.
Chow, W. L. 1950. Errata: Algebraic Systems of Positive Cycles in Algebraic Variety. American Journal of Mathematics, 72 (3).
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia. 2017. Malaysia Dam Safety Management Guidelines (MyDams). ISBN: 978-983-41328-5-9.
Feldman A. D. (ed.). 2000. Hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS: Technical Reference Manual. Davies, CA. U.S. Army Crops of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, PP. 149.
Garcia, A. Sainz, A. Revilla, J. and Alvarez, C., 2008, Surface water resources assessment in scarcely gauged basins in the north of Spain, Journal of Hydrology, 356, 312-326.
Gumindoga, W., Rwasoka, D. T., Nhapi, I. and Dube, T. 2017. Ungauged runoff simulation in Upper Manyame Catchment, Zimbabwe: Application of the HEC-HMS Model. Physics and Chiemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, Vol. 100, PP. 371-382.
Halwatura, D. and Najim, M. M. M. 2013. Application of the HEC-HMS model for runoff simulation in a tropical catchment. Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol. 46, PP. 155-162.
Hershfield, D. M. 1965. Method for estimating probable maximum rainfall. Journal of American Water Works Association. Vol.57 (8), PP. 965-972.
Jabbar, L. A., Khalil, I. A. and Sidek, L. M. 2021. HEC-HMS hydrological modelling for runoff estimation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Vol. 12 (9), PP. 40-51.
Jing, X., Chen, Y., Williams, D., Serna, M. L., Zheng, H. 2019. Overtopping failure of a reinforced tailing dam: Laboratory investigation and forecasting model of dam failure. Water. 11, 35, DOI: 10.3390/w11020315.
Kennedy MR 1982. The estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation in Australia - Past and current practice, Proceedings Workshop on Spillway Design, Melbourne, 1981. AWRC Conf. Ser. No. 6, AGPS, Canberra, 26–52.
Kneble, M. Yang, Z. Hutchison, K. and Maidment, D. R., 2005, Regional scale flood modeling using NEXRAD rainfall, GIS, and HEC-HMS / HEC-RAS: a case study for the san Antonio River Basin Summer 2002 storm event, Journal of environmental management, 75, 4, 325-336.
Lariyah Mohd Sidek, Ibrahim Abdulrazak Al-Ani, Laith Abdulsattar Jabbar and Hidyah Basri. 2022. Estimation of Probable Maximum Flood for Dam Safety in Cameron Highlands Watershed. Journal of Engineering Research (Scopus Cited Journal).
Lincoln, W. S. 2009. A modeling approach for operational flash flood forecasting for small-scale watersheds in central Iowa. Master Thesis, Iowa State University.
Majidi, A. and Shahedi, K. 2012. Simulation of rainfall-runoff process using Green-Ampt Method and HEC-HMS Model (Case study: Abnama Watershed, Iran). International Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1(1): 5-9. DOI: 10.5923/j.ijhe.20120101.02.
Malek, M. A., Heyrani, M. and Juneng, L. 2013. Stream flow projection for Muar River in Malaysia using Precis-HEC-HMS Model. ASM Sci. J., 9 (1), PP. 8-19.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia & National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM). 2008. Derivation of Probable Maximum Precipitation for Design Floods in Malaysia. Nahrim Technical Research Publication No.1 (TRP 1).
Mokhtari, E., H., Remini, B., Hamoudi, S., A. 2016. Modelling of the rain-flow by hydrologic modelling software system HEC-HMS watershed’s case of wadi Cheliff-Ghrib, Algeria. Journal of Water and Land Development, No. 2, PP. 87-100. ISSN: 1429-7426.
Niyazi, B. A., Masoud, M. H., Ahmed, M., Basahi, J. M., Rashed, M. A. 2020. Runoff assessment and modeling in arid regions by integration of watershed and hydrologic models with GIS techniques. Journal of Afrtican Earth Sciences, Vol. 172.
Oleyiblo, J. O. and Li, Zhi-jia. 2010. Application of HEC-HMS for flood forecasting in Misai and Wan’an Catchments in China. Water Science and Engineering, 3 (1), PP.14-22.
Razi, M. A. M., Ariffin, J., Tahir, W. and Arish, N. A. M. 2010. Flood estimation studies using hydrologic modelling system (HEC-HMS) for Johor River, Malaysia. Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 10 (11). ISSN: 1812-5654.
Romali, N. S., Yusop, Z. and Ismail, A. Z. 2018. Hydrological Modelling using HEC-HMS for flood risk assessment of Segamat Town, Malaysia. IOP Conference: Materials Science and Engineering 318. DOE: 10.1088/1757-899X/318/012029.
Sahu, S., Pyasi, S. K., Galkate, R. V. and Shrivastava, R. N. 2020. Rainfall-Runoff modelling using HEC-HMS model for Shipra River basin in Madhya Pradesh, India. Internatinal Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences., 9 (8), PP. 3440-3449.
Sharifi, F. Safapoor, Sh. and Ayoobzade, S., 2004, Evalution of AWBM 2002 model in simulation of hydrological processes some of watersheds in Iran, Journal of Research and Constructional, 35-42.
Skhakhfa, I. D. and Ouerdachi, I. 2016. Hydrological modelling of wadi Ressoul watershed, Algeria, by HEC-HMS model. Journal of Water and Land Development, No. 31, PP. 139-147. DOI: 10.1515/jwld-2016-0045.
Suhaila, J. and A.A. Jemain, 2007. Fitting daily rainfall amount in Malaysia using the normal tansform distribution. J. Applied Sci., 7, PP. 1880-1886.
US Army Corps of Engineers. 2000. Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS, Technical Reference Manual. Hydrologic Engineering Center.
US Army Corps of Engineers. 2016. https://www.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Releases/News-Release-Article-View/Article/652845/us-army-corps-of-engineers-releases-work-plan-for-fiscal-year-2016-civil-works/. Accessed in May, 18th 2021.
Yusop, Z., Chan, C. H. and Katimon, A. 2007. Runoff characteristics and application of HEC-HMS for modelling stormflow hydrograph in an oil palm catchment. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 56 (8). DOI: 10.2166/wst2007.690.
