Brief History and Fundamentals about the Grouting
Keywords:
Dam, Grouting, Soil, StructureAbstract
One of the most utilized techniques for preventing water leaks in fill dam structures is grouting which modifies the soil properties to increase the endurance, reduce compressibility, and reduces the hydraulically conductive of the original soil. This research focuses on grouting and its effect on improving the structure of dams. In order to construct the projects without experiencing significant settlement, it is necessary to stabilize weak soils to meet technical requirements. Grouting is one of the best solutions for this purpose that has emerged recently is rock/soil stabilization. To support the weight conveyed via the infrastructure, the engineers were compelled to modify the soil's properties. The important issues of grouting can be assigned from the complicated geological circumstances and the interactions between the grout and the fragmented rock mass, the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the rock or soil to be grouted which regarded significant factors affecting the grouting's design and present a significant challenge to the analysis of the grouting diffusion mechanism. For better engineering qualities, a variety of grouting procedures involve injecting dry or wet materials into the ground. Increasing strength or decreasing permeability within the treated bulk of ground are common goals. Conceptually, the simplest method involves introducing a fluid grout into the pore spaces, allowing it to set, and then delivering the necessary qualities. The properties of the grouting materials were analyzed in the field and lab for this study, and the findings point to an improvement both before and after the injection. The goal, intended soil strength, toxicity, and rheology are just a few of the many factors that must be considered for rock/soil improvement.
References
Aghda, S. M. F., GanjaliPour, K., & Esmaeilzadeh, M. ,2019, The Effect of Geological Factors on the Grout Curtain Performance Analysis of Darian Dam Using the Results of Instrumentation Data in the First Impounding. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 93(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1185-x
Al-Auqadi, R. S., Al-Jawadi, A. S., & Al-Naqib, S. Q. ,2023, Petrographic and Geotechnical Aspects of the River Terraces at the University of Mosul as Buildings Foundations. Iraqi Geological Journal, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1C.19ms-2023-3-30
Alkaya, D., & YeşIl, B. ,2011, Grouting applications of grout curtains in Cindere dam and hydroelectric power plant. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(19), 4039–4047. https://doi.org/10.5897/sre11.103
Argal, E. S., & Ermoshin, V. M. ,1984, Sealing the joints of the Andizhan concrete dam. Hydrotechnical Construction, 18(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01428823
BASHAM, D. L., WRIGHT, J. W., FERGUSON, K. I., & MOY, G. W. ,2004, UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA ( UFC ) GROUTING METHODS AND EQUIPMENT (Issue January).
Bidasaria, M. (2004). Scholars ’ Mine Grouting Technology for Rehabilitation of Tillar Earthen Dam. 0–7.
Bondarchuk, A. ,2012, Rock mass behavior under hydropower embankment dams with focus on fracture erosion and rock mass stability (Doctoral dissertation).
Chaitanya, J. S. N., Divya, K., & Rao, K. B. ,2023, a Review on Grouting Technique. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 02, 698–702. https://doi.org/10.56726/irjmets33505
Christodoulou, D., Lokkas, P., Droudakis, A., Spiliotis, X., Kasiteropoulou, D., & Alamanis, N. ,2021, The Development of Practice in Permeation Grouting by using Fine-grained Cement Suspensions. Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 9(6), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.24203/ajet.v9i6.6846
Christodoulou, D., Lokkas, P., Markou, I., Droudakis, A., Chouliaras, I., & Alamanis, N. ,2021, Principles and Developments in Soil Grouting: a Historical Review. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCES in ENGINEERING EDUCATION, 18(c), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.37394/232010.2021.18.18
da Rocha Gomes, S., Ferrara, L., Sánchez, L., & Moreno, M. S. ,2023, A comprehensive review of cementitious grouts: Composition, properties, requirements and advanced performance. Construction and Building Materials, 375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130991
Deng, C. J., Dang, F. N., Chen, X. Z., Miao, Z., & Chen, L. L. ,2020, Experimental Study on Grouting Effect and Mechanical Properties of the Rockfill Materials Grouted with SCM. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8834686
Fan, G., Zhong, D., Yan, F., & Yue, P. ,2016, A hybrid fuzzy evaluation method for curtain grouting efficiency assessment based on an AHP method extended by D numbers. Expert Systems with Applications, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.09.006
Fell, R., MacGregor, P., Stapledon, D., Bell, G., & Foster, M. ,2014, Geotechnical Engineering of Dams, 2nd Edition. In Geotechnical Engineering of Dams, 2nd Edition. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17800
Fu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, S., & Yang, Y. ,2019, Modelling of Permeation Grouting considering Grout Self-Gravity Effect: Theoretical and Experimental Study. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7968240
Heidarzadeh, M., Mirghasemi, A. A., Eslamian, F., & Sadr-Lahijani, S. M. ,2013, Application of cement grouting for stabilization of coarse materials. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 11(1 B), 71–77.
Jafarzadeh, F., & Garakani, A. A. ,2013, Foundation Treatment of Embankment Dams With Combination of Consolidation and Compaction Groutings. International Conference of Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering.
Kalkani, E. (1991). Rock grouting and diaphragm wall construction Jaroslav Verfel. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1989, 532 pp, US$150, Dfl.285. Engineering Geology, 31(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(91)90027-i
Kawasaki, M., Division, F. D., Yoshida, H., Division, F. D., & Yamaguchi, Y. (1998). Grouting in consideration of predominant direction of joints in rock masses. 410–415.
Kayabasi, A., & Gokceoglu, C. ,2019, An Assessment on permeability and grout take of limestone: A case study at Mut Dam, Karaman, Turkey. Water (Switzerland), 11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/W11122649
Kazemian, S., & Huat, B. B. K. ,2009, Assessment and comparison of grouting and injection methods in geotechnical engineering. European Journal of Scientific Research, 27(2), 234–247.
Kikuchi, K., Mimuro, T., & Mito, Y. ,1998, Geotechnical evaluation method of dam foundation for consolidation grouting. ISRM International Symposium 1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(90)90310-x
Kociánová, M., Černý, V., & Drochytka, R. ,2015, Development of grout for additional seal embankment dams. Procedia Engineering, 108, 632–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.191
Kociánová, M., & Drochytka, R. ,2016, Technology of remediation of embankment dams by optimal grout. 151, 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.370
Lagerlund, J. (2009). Remedial Injection Grouting of Embankment Dams With Non-Hardening Grouts.
Lees, D. ,2018, The art of grouting and ground treatment. October.
Mercedes, S. ,2023, A comprehensive review of cementitious grouts : Composition , properties , requirements and advanced performance. 375(March), 0–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130991
Meshkabadi, K., & Zandi, Y. ,2019, The effects of grout curtain parameters on uplift and piping phenomenon; case study: Sattarkhan Dam. Hydrology, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6030071
Moos. (1984). Engineering and Design GROUTING TECHNOLOGY. Ekp, 13(3), 576.
Nonveiller, E. (1989). Grouting, theory and practice. 250.
Obead, I. H., & Fattah, M. Y. ,2022, Mosul dam issues: analysis of the problem based on several studies. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1120(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1120/1/012027
Park, D. S., & Oh, J. ,2018, Permeation grouting for remediation of dam cores. Engineering Geology, 233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.12.011
Ricardo, J., Conde, M., & Silva, D. A. ,2019, Use of cement based grouts in the rehabilitation of concrete dams : a review. November, 1–8.
Shareef, A. H., Neami, M. A. A.-, & Rahil, F. H. ,2023, INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING Some of The Field and Laboratory Studies on Grouting Properties for Weak Soils : A Review. International Journal of INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING, 11, 131–141.
Shinde, S., Naikwadi, S., Shevde, N., & Ansari, F. ,2008, Review on Utilization of Ceramic Waste in Grout. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1177. www.irjet.net
Sina Kazemain,2012, Review of soft soils stabilization by grouting and injection methods with different chemical binders. Scientific Research and Essays, 7(24), 2104–2111. https://doi.org/10.5897/sre11.1186
Spross, J., Johansson, F., Uotinen, L. K. T., & Rafi, J. Y. ,2016, Using Observational Method to Manage Safety Aspects of Remedial Grouting of Concrete Dam Foundations. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 34(5), 1613–1630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0069-8
Stare, D. P., Hockenberry, A. N., Dreese, T. L., Wilson, D. B., & Bruce, D. A. ,2012, Protection of Embankments During Drilling and Grouting. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412350.0107
Wang, C., Liu, Q., Guo, C., Xia, Y., Hao, Y., Shi, M., & Zhao, P,2020, An experimental study on the reinforcement of silt with permeable polyurethane by penetration grouting. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8834331
Weaver, K. D. ,2003, A Retrospective on the History of Dam Foundation Grouting in the U.S. https://doi.org/10.1061/40663(2003)20
Xu, Z., Miao, Y., Wu, H., Yuan, X., & Liu, C. ,2020, Estimation of viscosity and yield stress of cement grouts at true ground temperatures based on the flow spread test. Materials, 13(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132939
Yu, J., Shen, Z., Xu, L., & He, C. ,2022, A Method for Determining Ultimate Grouting Pressure for Reinforcement of Masonry Arch Dam with Mortar Deterioration: A Case Study. Materials, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103520
Zhu, Y., Wang, X., Deng, S., Chen, W., Shi, Z., Xue, L., & Lv, M, 2019, Grouting process simulation based on 3D fracture network considering fluid-structure interaction. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040667
