Study seasonal changes in concentration of some heavy metals in Carasobarbus luteus of southern Iraq marshes
hes
Keywords:
Bioaccumulation, Fish, Heavy metals, Marsh, Iraq.Abstract
The concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt , copper , iron , nickel and manganese was measured in the muscles of the Carasobarbus luteus using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The average length of fish samples was (198.7) mm, and the average weight of fish samples was (105.31) gm. The results showed the highest average of concentration metals (cadmium, cobalt, copper, and iron) were (19.59, 25.05, 17.52, and 72.37) µg/g (dry weight), respectively, in the Eastern Al-Hammar marsh, whereas the highest average of concentration metals (nickel, and manganese) were (59.24, and 11.08) µg/g (dry weight), respectively, in the Al-Hawizeh marsh during the study period.
References
Abaychi, J. K. and Al-Saad, H. T. (1988). Trace element in fish from the Arabian Gulf and the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 40: 226-232.
Abbas, S.F. (2006). "Application of Hydrodynamic Model in Abu Zirig Marshland", M.Sc. Thesis, University of Al-Mustansiriya.
Acacia, A.W., Jurgenne H. P., Leobert D. P., Priscilla P. and Fowler, S. W.; Readman, W.; Oregioni, B., Villeneuve, J. P. and Makay, K. (2006). Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Trace Metal in Nearshore Gulf sediments and biota before and after the 1991 war: an assessment of temporal and spatial trend. Mar. pollut. Bull. 27:171-182.
Aldoghachi, M. A. J. and. Alabdul Aziz, B., A. B. (2023). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) cultured in earthen ponds in sites of Basrah University. AIP Conference Proceedings 2475, 050002.
Aldoghachi, M.A., Motior Rahman, M., Yusoff, I. and Sofian-Azirun, M., (2016). Acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in red tilapia fish. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 26(2):507-513.
Al-Enazi, M. S. and Lazim, I. I. (2023). Some trace elements in the water, sediments and muscles of three fish species along Tigris River in Missan, southern Iraq. Int. J. Aquat. Biol.11(1):11-19.
Ali, H. ; Khan, E. and Sajad, M. (2013).Phytoremediation of heavy metals— Concepts and applications. Chemosphere 91. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.
Al-Khafaji, B. Y.; Al-Imara , F. J. and Mohamed, A. R. M. (1997). Trace Metal in Water, sediments and green Back mullet (Liza subviridis, Vallen (ielles, 1936)) of Shatt Al-Arab estuary, NW Arabian Gulf, Marina Mesopotamica 2(1):17-23P.
Al-Khafaji, B.Y., and Lazim I. I. (2013). Concentration of some Trace elements in liver and muscles of two species of fish in Euphrates River near the center of Al-Nassiriya city, South Iraq. Journal of Thi-Qar Science, 3(4): 24-33.
Al-Khafaji, B.Y., Mohammed, A.B. and Maqtoof, A.A., 2011. Distribution of some heavy metals in water, sediment, and fish Cyprinus carpio in Euphrates River near AlNassiriya city center south Iraq. Baghdad Science Journal, 8(1), 552– 560.
Alkshab, A. and Fathi, O. (2021). Determination of the lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of lead chloride and its accumulation in different organs of Gambusia affinis fish. Ira. J. of Vet. Sci., 35(2): 361-367
Al-Niemi, R. S. and Al-Kshab, A. A. (2023). Physiological effects of lead, Cadmium, and their mixture on some organs of Alburnus Mossulensis fish. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences: 54(3):638- 646.
Al-Rawi, K.M. and Khalaf Allah, . M. (2000). Design and analysis of agricultural experiments, Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq, 488 pages.
Al-Saad, H. T.; Abdul-Hassan, J. K., and Al-Sodani, A.M (2008). Uptake–Release of pollutants by Tenualosa ilisha (Sbuor)fish collected from Southern-Iraq.ar.Meso.23(1): 29 - 38.
Al-Saad, H. T.; Mustafa, Y. Z. and Al-Imara, F. J. (1997). Distribution of trace metals in tissues of fish from Shatt Al-Arab estuary. Iraq. Mar. Meso., 11:15-25.
Domad, Z. H. (2008). A Comparative Study of Hawizeh marsh by Use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS),M.Sc. Thesis, College of Education Women, Baghdad University. 97p. (In Arabic).
Edwin Espinoza, (2007). Survey of heavy metals in the catfish Synodontis clarias in Urban Lake Sediment California State Science Fair Project Summary.
Farhood, A.T., Ali G.A. (2020). Distribution of some heavy metals in water and two species of fish in the Euphrates River in Nassiriya city of Southern Iraq. Plant Archives, 20(2): 1512-1516.
Flessas, C.; Pinel, A. B. and Campbell, P. G. (1993). Analysis of biotic and biotic factors influencing the bioaccumulation of trace metal in Bithyno tantaculats (Mollusca Gastropod) in Lac. Louis Quebel-120 Annu aquatic toxicity workshop, (Canada) pp., 17-21. Oct., 80-95.
Geist, J. and Hawkins, S.J. (2016). Habitat recovery and restoration in aquatic ecosystems: Current progress and future challenges. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosyst 26 (5): 942-962. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.2702.
Ghorab, M.A. (2018). Environmental pollution by heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystems of Egypt. Open Access J Toxicol 3 (1). DOI: 10.19080/OAJT.2018.03.555603.
Hassan, W. F. (2007). A geochemical and hydrochemical study of the sediments of the Shatt Al-Arab stream and the waters contacting it, Ph.D. thesis. College of Science - University of Basra, 163 pages.
He, Z.L. ; Yang, X.E. ; and Stoffella, P.J. (2005). Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment, J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 19 . 125–140.
Joyeux, J. C.; Filho, E. A. and Jesus, H. C. (2004). Trace Metals Contamination in Estuarine Fishes from Vitَria Bay, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology an International Journal, 47, (5): 765-774.
Kaizal, A. F.; Salman, J. M. and Kot, P. (2023). Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals, Their Fate and Transportation in water, sediment, and Some Biota within AL-Musayyib River, Babylon Governorate, Iraq. Baghdad Science Journal -, 20(2): 066-016
Lenntech, B.V.(2018). Heavy Metals, Available online: https://www.lenntech.com/process es/heavy/heavy-metals/heavy-metals.htm.
Masindi,V. and Muedi, K.L. (2018). Environmental contamination by heavy metals, in: Heavy Metals, InTech.
Mitra, S., Chakraborty, A. J., Tareq, A. M., Emran, T. B., Nainu, F., Khusro, A., Idris, A. M., Khandaker, M. U., Osman, H., Alhumaydhi, F. A., & Simal-Gandara, J. (2022). Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 34(3), Article 101865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865
Mitra, S.; Prova, S.R.; Sultana, S.A.; Das, R.; Nainu, F.; Emran, T.B.; Tareq, A.M.; Uddin, M.S.; Alqahtani, A.M.; Dhama, K. and Simal-Gandara J.(2021a). Therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids in respiratory diseases: A comprehensive review. Phytomedicine. 90:153649. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153649. Epub 2021 Jul 15. PMID: 34325978.
Mustafa, S.A.; Al-Rudainy, A. J. and Al- Samawi, S. M. (2020). Histopathology and level of bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in fish, Carasobarbus luteus and Cyprinus carpio caught from tigris river, Baghdad. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(2): 698- 704.
Nasser, Z. H. and Fahad, K. K. (2023). Study of the Heavy Metals Concentration Level in the Waterand Sediment and some Tissues of the Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella V. Cultured in Cages in the Euphrates River. 4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences.
Ni, I. H., Wang, W. X. and Tam, Y. K. (2000). Transfer of Cd, Cr, and Zn from zooplankton prey to mudskipper Periophthalmus cantonensis and glassy Ambassis urotaenia fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 194, 203-210.
Park,J. and Presley, B.J. (1997). Trace metal Contamination of Sediments and Organisms from the Swen Lake area of Galveston Bay. Environ. Poll. 98:209-221.
Peralta-Videa, J.R.; Lopez, M.L. ;Narayan,M.;Saupe, G. and Gardea-Torresdey, J. (2009). The biochemistry of environmental heavy metal uptake by plants: Implications for the food chain. Intl J Biochem Cell Biol 41(8-9): 1665-1677.
Richardson C. J. and Hussain N. A. (2006). Restoring the Garden of Edsen: An Ecological Assessment of the Marshes of Iraq. BioScience 56:477-489.
ROPME (1982). Manual of Oceanographic Observation and Pollution Analyses Methods ROPME/ P.O Box 16388. Blzusafa, Kuwait.
Saad, M. A. H. (1976). Observations on the problems of pollution in Shatt Al-Arab, Iraq. Rev. Intern. Oceanogr. Med. Tome, XLIII, pp: 3-11.
Smith, R. (2000). Current methods in aquatic sci. Univ. of Waterloo, Canada. La
Tchounwou,P.B. ; Yedjou,C.G.; Patlolla,A.K. and Sutton, D.J. (2012).Heavy metal toxicity and the environment, In EXS 101. 133–164.
Walker,C.H. ; Sibly, R.M. Hopkin, S.P. and Peakall, D.B.(2012). in: Principles of Ecotoxicology; Group,T. And F., Ed.; 4th Edition, CRC Press.
Wang,L.K. (2009). Heavy Metals in the Environment, CRC Press.
Wetzel, R. G. (2001). Limnology, lake and river ecosystems 3th ed. Academic Pries, an Elsevier Science imprint, Sanfrancisco, New York, London.
Wetzel, R.G. and Likens, G.E. (2000). Limnological Analyses. 3rd Edition, Springer, New York, Chapter: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Other Nutrients, 85-113.
Wu, M.; Lu, T. J; Ling, F.Y.; Sun, J. and Du ,H.Y. (2010). Research on the architecture of Internet of Things.3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE): 5 V5- 484.
